Stroke is a condition that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off by a blockage or rupture of blood vessels, resulting in the death of cells in some areas of the brain. Stroke is a serious health condition that requires immediate attention.
When the blood supply that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is cut off, then the brain cells start to die. Therefore the sooner patients are handled and damages tend to be smaller and even death could have been avoided. If you feel a stroke or see other people have a stroke, immediately call the hospital to ask for an ambulance.
Symptoms of stroke
Keep in mind the following stroke symptoms in order to take appropriate action.
- How to talk to patients is not clear or garbled, and even some patients who can not speak at all while they are awake
- Eyes and mouth on one side of the patient's face looks down
- The patient's arm is paralyzed when a stroke, therefore they are not able to lift one or both arms
Background occurrence of stroke
The brain can function well if the supply of oxygen and nutrients supplied blood to flow properly. If the blood supply is blocked, then the brain will be damaged, even someone who had a stroke could die.
Stroke by type
When viewed from the stroke type is divided into two, namely the cause of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply stops due to a blood clot and hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain ruptures.
There is also called a TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) or mild stroke. TIA happens when blood supply to the brain disorder that usually begins shortly with symptoms of dizziness, double vision, sudden body felt weak, and difficulty speaking.
Though only for a moment, still must be taken seriously. Because this is usually a warning of impending stroke weight.
The diagnosis of stroke
Stroke is generally diagnosed through physical signs, as well as through the photos or brain imaging. The use of brain imaging to determine whether a stroke is caused by a blocked artery or a ruptured blood vessel, the risk of ischemic stroke, the part of the brain affected and the severity of the stroke.
Methods of treatment of stroke
Treatment depends on the type of stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment is also adjustable in areas of the brain where the stroke occurred. In general, strokes are treated with drugs, including preventive medicine to lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, and remove blood clots. In some cases, surgery is needed to repair the damage caused by the hemorrhagic stroke or eliminate fat in the arteries.
The impact of stroke on the lives of sufferers
Stroke can have an impact on the lives and well-being in many aspects. Specific rehabilitation process and depending on your symptoms and how severe the symptoms are. A number of experts and specialists can help. Among them are, psychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, nurses and specialists, as well as physiotherapy.
Damage due to stroke could be widespread and long lasting. Before recovered as usual, the patient should do in a long period of rehabilitation. But the majority of them will never recover fully.
Prevention of stroke
Stroke can be prevented through the adoption of healthy lifestyles. The risk of having a stroke will be reduced if you eat a healthy diet, exercising regularly, not smoking, and drinking the correct amount. Trying to lower cholesterol levels and high blood pressure with medications can also reduce the risk of stroke. In some people, drugs to prevent blood clots as well as medication to maintain normal blood sugar levels is also important to prevent the occurrence of stroke.
Complications stroke
Stroke can cause the appearance of various complications, some of which may endanger the life of the patient. Examples of these complications include hydrocephalus or high production of cerebrospinal fluid, dysphagia or difficulty swallowing, and deep vein thrombosis, or blood clots in the legs.
Stroke diagnosis
Stroke is generally diagnosed through physical tests, as well as through the photos or brain imaging. Making use of brain images to determine whether a stroke is caused by a blocked artery or a ruptured blood vessel, the risk of ischemic stroke, the part of the brain affected and the severity of the stroke.
In addition, the doctor will examine the cause of stroke by checking the heart rate, blood pressure, and blood test to determine cholesterol and glucose level of the patient.
Each type of stroke requires different handling. The treatment would be easier if supported by a prompt diagnosis.
Stroke diagnosis using CT scans and MRI scans
This type of scan that you live in the hospital depending on the symptoms. There are two common methods used in taking pictures of the brain, which is the first CT scan or computer tomography scanning. Scanning is the same as X-rays, but it uses several images to form a three-dimensional image that is more detailed. The second common method is the MRI scan or magnetic resonance imaging scan. This scan uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce an image robust body parts in detail.
CT scan is enough to identify whether a stroke is caused by bleeding or clotting. If you suffered a massive stroke, scanning is suitable for you. This scan is faster than a MRI scan and in certain cases, increase the chances of drug delivery quickly and accurately.
For patients who have recovered from TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) or mild stroke and for patients who have symptoms more complex where the location and extent of damage is unknown, MRI scanning is more precise. This scan produces images of brain tissue that is more detailed, allowing the identification of a stroke at the unusual.
The process of taking images of blood vessels of the brain and blood vessels of the neck that begins by injecting a dye past the blood vessels in the arm called a CT or MR angiography.
Brain scans should be undertaken of all patients suspected of having a stroke within 24 hours. However, there are some patients who should be scanned immediately within one hour, especially for those who:
- Have a lower level of consciousness.
- Are undergoing anticoagulant treatment.
- Relying on drugs like clot busting new TPA atau undergoing anticoagulant treatment.
Tests swallowing to prevent lung infections
One third of people having problems in swallowing after stroke. If a person can not swallow properly, then the lungs at risk of conceding food. It can lead to pneumonia and infections of the lungs.
Swallowing very important test done by people who have had strokes. This test is quite simple. Patients only need to take a few spoonfuls of water. If the patient is able to gulp the water without choking and coughing, they will be asked to gulp half a glass of water. If they are not capable of gulping, then they will be referred to a relevant therapy to be examined in more detail.
Before examined therapist, patients are usually devour anything forbidden. Therefore, the food and drink into the body to go through an IV or by using a nasogastric tube through the nose.
Ascertain the cause of stroke with heart and blood vessel tests
Examination of blood vessels and the heart will be conducted to ascertain the cause of stroke. There are three types of inspection processes, among others, is an echocardiogram, catheterangiography or arteriography, and ultrasound or carotid ultrasonography.
The diagnosis of stroke by echocardiogram
Echocardiogram can be used in a number of cases. One is called transthoracic echocardiogram examination, ie examination using an ultrasound instrument that is placed on the chest to produce images of the heart.
The second is transoesophageal echocardiography. This examination using an ultrasonic tool that is lowered into the food channel and are usually sedated patients first. Because right behind the heart, this test produces images of blood clots and other abnormalities are clear and can not be done by trasthoracic echocardiogram.
The diagnosis of stroke with carotid ultrasound or ultrasound
This is another way that doctors use to check whether there is narrowing or clots in the arteries leading to the brain. The tools used are rod-shaped device known as a transducer. Through these tools, high frequency sound waves are sent into the neck. Waves flowing through the body's tissues will then form an image. From the pictures that the doctor will determine the points where there is narrowing of the arteries.
If required, this examination should be done within 48 hours. Ultrasound scan as it also has other terms known in general, the duplex scan or doppler scan.
The diagnosis of stroke with catheter angiography
This examination is done by injecting dye through the carotid artery or the spinal cord. The results of this examination is more detailed than the results obtained with ultrasound, CT scan, or MR angiography.
Stroke prevention
The best way to prevent stroke is to exercise regularly, eat nutritious foods and healthy, not consuming alcohol in excess, do not smoke, and avoid or cope with stress. In addition, if you suffer from a disease that could trigger a stroke such as diabetes, atrial fibrillation in which the heart beats abnormally (arrhythmias), hypertension or high blood pressure, and sleep disorder called sleep apnea, control and treat the whole condition of the well.
Preventing stroke through diet
Bad food is the main cause of someone having a stroke. Foods containing saturated fat and high salt should be avoided. These foods can cause the accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries, obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure all of which trigger stroke. Good salt consumption is as much as six grams or one teaspoon per day.
The recommended foods for health is a diet rich in unsaturated fats, protein, vitamins, and fiber. The entire meal you can get on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and low-fat meats such as chicken breast.
Here is a list of foods you should watch out because it contains high saturated fat:
- Fatty cuts of meat.
- Bersantan food or drink.
- Cream.
- Cakes and biscuits.
- Foods containing coconut or palm oil.
- Cheese.
- Butter.
- Avocados.
- Fish oil.
- Olive oil, vegetable oil, sunflower oil, and few seeds.
- Nuts and seeds.
Regular exercise can make your heart and circulatory system work more efficiently. Exercise also can lower cholesterol and keep weight and blood pressure at a healthy level.
Recommended cholesterol level of health experts is 5 millimoles / liter of blood, while a healthy blood pressure is in the range of 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers. The first number represents the pressure when the heart pumps blood throughout the body, known as the systolic pressure. The second number represents the pressure while the heart at rest to wait for the next contraction or heart rate, and is known as the diastolic pressure.
For those aged 19-64 years, make sure that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at least 150 minutes a week is divided into a few days, coupled with strength training at least twice a week. Which included moderate intensity aerobic activities include brisk walking or bicycling. As for strength training that includes, among others, carrying heavy loads (such as groceries), yoga, weight training, or push-ups and sit-ups.
But for those who are recovering from a stroke, should consult a physician before starting sports activities. Regular exercise is usually impossible to do in the first few weeks or months after a stroke, but you can already start to exercise after rehabilitation progress.
Stop smoking
The risk of stroke increased two-fold if you smoke because smoking can narrow the arteries and make blood tends to clot. You do not smoke, it can increase your health and avoid other health problems, such as lung disease and heart.
Avoid consumption of liquor
The liquor contains high calories. If the liquor consumed in excess, then you are susceptible to various diseases such as stroke triggers diabetes, high blood pressure and clogged arteries. Excessive alcohol consumption also can make the heartbeat becomes irregular.
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