Stroke can cause the emergence of a variety of other health problems or complications, and most of these complications can endanger the patient's life.
In addition to mortality, complications of stroke include:
- Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) and myocardial infarction (death of heart cells)
- Pneumonia and pulmonary edema
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and aspiration
- venous thrombosis
- Urinary tract infections, can not hold urine (urinary incontinence), and can not engage in sexual activity (sexual dysfunction)
- Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
- Easy to fall so that fractures
- Depression
Deep vein thrombosis, or blood clots in the legs
Five percent of people will experience blood clots in their legs after stroke. The condition known as deep vein thrombosis. This condition usually occurs in people who are no longer able to move their legs normally. With the cessation of the movement of the leg muscles, the flow in the veins of the legs become slower and blood pressure will rise. This increases the risk for blood clots.
The symptoms of deep vein thrombosis in the legs, among others:
- Pain.
- Swelling.
- Legs hurt when pressed.
- Leather leg look reddish.
- Foot skin feels warm.
Deep vein thrombosis can be treated with anti-clotting drugs. Your doctor may suggest you wear stockings varicose veins if you are at risk of deep venous thrombosis in the future. Use of varicose stockings intended to reduce blood pressure in your legs.
Hydrocephalus or higher production of cerebrospinal fluid
About ten percent of people who experienced hemorrhagic stroke will be affected by hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is the complications arising out of excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain cavity. The excessive production caused by the damaging effects of hemorrhagic stroke. The symptoms are nausea and vomiting, loss of balance, and headache.
Cerebrospinal fluid serves to protect the brain and spinal cord, and serves to remove impurities from the brain cells. Cerebrospinal fluid flows continuously through the entire inner and the surface of the brain and spinal cord. The rest of the cerebrospinal fluid is usually removed from the brain to subsequently absorbed by the body.
Hydrocephalus can be treated. Usually the doctor will put a tube into the brain to get rid of the excess fluid.
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing
The damage caused by stroke can interfere with swallowing reflex, consequently food particles can get into the respiratory tract. Problems in swallowing is known as dysphagia. Dysphagia can cause damage to the lungs and can lead to pneumonia or lung infection.
In order to complications derived from dysphagia can be avoided, when eating, stroke patients can be helped with a hose. The hose is inserted into the nose, and then forwarded to their stomachs. But sometimes the hose can also be directly connected to the patient's stomach through surgery. The duration of patients require a feeding tube is varied, ranging from several weeks to several months. But rarely have patients who have to use a feeding tube for more than six months.
Cause Stroke
Most of the causes of strokes could be prevented by changing your lifestyle into a healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, there is some risk of stroke can not be changed, and the case will be explained below.
- If you have ever experienced a TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) or minor stroke and heart attack, your risk of stroke is higher.
- Your risk of getting a stroke higher if you have a close family member who has had a stroke.
- Your risk of stroke if you are over 65 years, although a quarter of strokes occur at a younger age.
- Diabetes, blood pressure tinggiatau have high cholesterol.
Ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain stops due to the formation of blood clots. Easy blood clot in blood vessels where there is accumulation of cholesterol or there has been damage to the walls. Here are the things that have a negative impact on blood vessels that can trigger ischemic stoke:
- Hypertension or high blood pressure.
- High levels of cholesterol in the blood.
- Uncontrolled diabetes. High blood sugar levels adversely affect blood vessel walls.
Can also be narrowed arteries with age, and the process of narrowing of the arteries that can grow quickly if you:
- Obese.
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Smoke.
- Having high cholesterol levels.
- Having a family history of heart disease or diabetes.
hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and causes bleeding. About five percent of the bleeding occurs on the surface of the brain known as subarachnoid hemorrhage. High blood pressure is a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke. High blood pressure can weaken the arteries in the brain and thus susceptible to rupture.
There are several things that can trigger a rise in blood pressure, such as smoking, lack of exercise, stress, excessive alcohol consumption, and overweight or obese. Never experienced a TIA or stroke may also increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Diabetics, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), and heart valve disease, also have a greater risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
Hemorrhagic stroke can also occur due to rupture of blood vessels bulging or swelling called an aneurysm.
Trauma or injury to the head can also cause hemorrhagic stroke. Even so, there are some cases in which there is bleeding in the lining of the brain without any signs of trauma. It usually occurs in older people, and symptoms similar to a stroke. Bleeding that occurs in the lining of the brain known as a subdural hematoma.
People who consume drugs or anticoagulant blood anticoagulant should also be careful. One risk of using these drugs is a hemorrhagic stroke. Anticoagulant drugs are harder to make blood clot. This means, if there is bleeding, bleeding it would be difficult to halt.
Stroke recovery
Stroke can have an impact on the lives and well-being in many aspects. Specific rehabilitation process and dependent on your symptoms and how severe the symptoms are. A number of experts and specialists can help. Among them are psychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, nurses and specialists, as well as physiotherapy.
Damage due to stroke could be widespread and long lasting. Before recovered as usual, the patient should do in a long period of rehabilitation. But the majority of them will never recover fully.
Physical impact stroke
There are several physical effects that occur as a result of a stroke, including paralysis on one side of the body parts and disruption of coordination and balance the body. Some people will also experience extreme fatigue in the first few weeks after the stroke.
Paralysis on the part of the body should be examined by a physiotherapist who will draw up a treatment plan. Physiotherapy is usually started after the patient's health condition is stable. Posture and balance are the main things that will be fixed by the physiotherapist. After that the patient will undergo a brief session that lasted several minutes. Session length will increase as the recovery of muscle control and strength of the patient.
There are two goals that made physiotherapists, short-term targets and long-term targets. In the short-term targets, the patient will be trained to do simple movements such as taking an object. While the long-term target, the patient is trained to stand and walk.
In the process, the physiotherapist does not just work alone. Family members of patients can be involved. Point for the patient's family members were able to train the patient while in the house.
Relatively long physical recovery. Physiotherapy may last several months or even years and usually therapy discontinued if the patient's condition no longer show progress.
Cognitive effects of stroke
One or several cognitive functions may be impaired as a result of stroke. Cognitive function is a term used by experts to describe the brain's ability to process information. Cognitive function includes:
- Memory.
- Concentration.
- Communication both written and spoken.
- Awareness of the position of the body to the surrounding environment.
- The ability to do physical activities such as bathing or eating.
- Ability to perform executive functions, such as problem solving, planning, and consider the situation.
In rehabilitation, the patient will be taught various cognitive function recovery techniques, one of which is a therapy to restore communication. There are also ways to replace lost cognitive function, one with mounting aids memory. Most cognitive function will be recovered after rehabilitation, although not one hundred percent.
Brain damage caused by stroke can also increase the occurrence of vascular dementia. Vascular dementia can occur immediately or some time after a stroke.
The psychological impact of a stroke
After the stroke, they may experience psychological effects such as depression or anxiety disorders. Feel angry, anxious, confused, depression, and frustration are common.
Psychologists can provide advice and motivation so that a stroke has little impact on patients' lives, such as family life or sex life.
One psychological therapy after stroke is cognitive behavior therapy. This therapy aims to help patients with positive thinking. In addition to therapy from a psychologist, the support of those closest to is also very important to restore the state of mind of the patient as usual.
Problems in communication skills
Problems in speaking, understanding, reading, and writing a lot of experienced people after stroke. It was referred to as aphasia or dysphasia. Aphasia occurs due to damage to the brain that regulate speech or damage to the muscles that support these capabilities. To restore communication skills, patients will be handled by experts related therapy.
Problems in the power of vision
Sometimes some people with visual impairments after stroke, such as blind in one eye. It is caused by damage to the brain that receive, process, and interpret information sent by the eyes.
Pascastroke sex life and a way around
Although some parts of the body of people who've had a stroke paralysis, but they can still enjoy moments of intimacy with their partners. They can try a number of positions that fit their circumstances. Having sex does not make people more at risk of stroke again so patients are not forbidden to have sex.
Some medications can decrease libido stroke, because it is expected the patient to consult a doctor if experiencing such problems. There are several drugs that can solve the problem.
The problem of the bladder
Stroke can affect parts of the brain that control urine disposal. Because the people who have had a stroke can be bedwetting without him knowing.
Driving vehicles after stroke
Usually after a stroke, people are not recommended to drive for a month. Sooner or later than someone be driving back will depend on the long-term damage they experienced and what vehicle they are driving. The doctor can help decide whether people are allowed to drive again or should undergo further examination.
For caregivers of patients stoke
There are many ways to support family or friends who've had a stroke so rapid progress of their rehabilitation, including:
- Help motivate patients to achieve long-term targets.
- Adapt to their condition, such as speaking slowly if they are having communication problems.
- Being involved in the practice of physiotherapy.
- Provide moral support and confidence that their condition will be recovered over time.
Prepare your heart to face the changes in behavior
Personality people who have had a stroke often experience changes and sometimes it can be irrational behavior. For example, they could become angry and resentful. It is caused by psychological and cognitive effects. Although annoying, try not to take it personally. Remember that the original personality they would return after their rehabilitation progress.
Trying to remain patient and positive thinking
Attitude of patience and positive thinking are needed to support the recovery of people who've had a stroke. Often rehabilitation go long and make us frustrated. But believe me, there will be periods where the progress achieved. Try to encourage and praise the slightest progress since then, the patient will continue to be motivated to achieve their long-term targets.
It is important to spend a little time for yourself
Do not ignore the physical and psychological health of your own, even if you're caring for people who have had strokes. Socializing with friends or recreation can clear your mind and help you cope with the situation better.
Opportunities for stroke patients can return to normal life
Although the patient has been undergoing treatment, stroke can not be fully restored. Here is an opportunity that is owned by a stroke patient in general:
- A third of stroke patients recover completely although it must continue to be supported in order to be able to lead a normal life.
- A third of stroke patients recover, but paralysis. Ranging from mild paralysis such as the need to be assisted in the bath, until such severe paralysis could not get up at all.
- A third of stroke patients do not recover at all and died within one year, even most of them died in the hospital a few weeks early.
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