Tachycardia characterized by an increased heart rate in the upper chamber of the heart, lower chamber of the heart, or the two spaces. The heartbeat is controlled by electrical signals that are sent to the rest of the heart tissue. This signal comes from a small area in the space between the top and bottom of the heart. When the output signal will arise tachycardia accelerated.
In some cases, tachycardia does not cause symptoms or certain complications. But when the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen due to start work too hard, tachycardia becomes complicated. The severity of complications triggered by tachycardia vary, depending on several factors such as the type of tachycardia, heart rate number and length of the heart beat is above normal. Some of the complications that can arise tachycardia are:
- Stroke or heart attack, due to blood clots.
- Heart failure.
- Frequent fainting.
- The sudden death.
A symptom is something that is felt and told by the patient. The heart beats too fast will not pump blood around the body effectively. The result will be a shortage of oxygen in multiple organs and tissues of the body, and can lead to several symptoms and signs:
- Heart palpitations.
- Chest pain (angina).
- Fainting.
- Feel confused.
- Suddenly felt tired.
- A rapid heartbeat.
- Become short of breath or breathing difficulties.
- Dizzy.
- Hypotension and lightheadedness.
Some people with tachycardia may not experience any symptoms at all. If this condition occurs, then the tachycardia diagnosis can only be made by means of physical examination and electrocardiogram test.
If you experience difficulty breathing or chest pain for a few minutes, and fainting, immediately consult a doctor.
Cause Tachycardia
Heart beats normally controlled by the atrioventricular node, which generates electrical impulses trigger the start of each heartbeat. Causes of tachycardia are the factors that interfere with the electrical impulses, so the faster heart rate than normal.
Confounders electric impulse is quite a lot, some of which are:
- Smoke.
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Consuming alcohol and caffeine is too much.
- Cardiac tissue damage due to heart disease.
- Anemia.
- High blood pressure.
- Physical training.
- Fever.
- The side effects of treatment.
- Disease or heart failure and congenital heart's electrical pathways.
- Drug use.
- Stress that appear suddenly, for example when frightened.
- Electrolyte imbalance in the body.
The risk of someone experiencing tachycardia increases if a person suffers cardiac tissue damage and / or put too much pressure on the heart. For those of you who are over 60 or have a family who suffered from tachycardia more at risk of developing this condition.
Some types of tachycardia are common are:
- Atrial fibrillation, the heartbeat is above normal as a result of chaotic electrical impulses in the atria (porch) of the heart.
- Atrial flutter, is a condition in which the atria of the heart beats very fast, but regularly. This is due to a series of electrical signal conduction in the atria of the heart is irregular.
- Supraventricular tachycardia, occurring in parts of the heart above the ventricles or atria. This is due to abnormal electrical conduction in the heart of the circuit is generally present at birth.
- Ventricular tachycardia, the heart rate is above normal due to an electrical signal that is split between heading toward the atrium and ventricle of the heart. Heartbeat too fast makes the ventricles can not be charged and to contract efficiently in pumping blood.
- Ventricular fibrillation, will occur when the electrical impulses that cause the chaotic and rapid ventricular only vibrate only and does not actually pump blood throughout the body.
Diagnosis Tachycardia
Diagnosis is a step the doctor to identify the disease or condition that explains the symptoms and signs experienced by the patient. There are several diagnostic procedures that will be run if the patient's doctor suspected hit tachycardia, namely:
- Blood tests. This test will help if there is interference with thyroid or any other element which could be the cause tachycardia. Complications tachycardia will also be more severe if you have anemia or impaired renal function. This test can determine if you are experiencing it.
- Tests electrocardiogram (ECG). This is the main procedure to diagnose tachycardia. Some small sensor placed on the patient's chest and arms to record electrical signal pattern as it passes through the heart.
- Electrophysiological tests. The doctor will insert a small tube with electrodes at one end of the blood vessels arm, neck, or groin of the patient, then the doctor will steer tube to some point in the heart. This test is to assess each conduction of electrical impulses of the heart beat every before whether normal or not.
- Tilt table test. Patients will be asked to consume a drug that triggers an attack of tachycardia. After that the patient will be asked to sleep on a special table, which will be tilted so that the position of the patient like he was standing. The doctor will observe the response of the nervous system and heart patients to change this position.
- Chest X-ray. Doctors can see the condition of the heart and lungs of the patient individually. This test can also help the doctor see if there is a congenital heart disease.
Treatment and Prevention Tachycardia
Handling tachycardia is intended to slow the heart rate of patients as well as prevent recurrence. There are several measures taken tachycardia, namely:
- Vagal maneuvers. The doctor will ask the patient to perform vagal maneuvers when tachycardia is attacking. This maneuver will affect the vagus nerve, which helps lower heart rate.
- Drugs. If vagal maneuvers can not lower your heart rate, your doctor will generally provide antiarrhythmic drugs.
- Cardioversion. In this procedure, an electric shock delivered to the heart. The flow of electricity will affect the electrical impulses of the heart and restore normal heart rhythms.
To prevent heart beat again at speeds above normal, the doctor will perform some treatments, namely:
- Catheter ablation. In this procedure, a catheter will be inserted into the groin, arm or neck and pointed to the heart. Electrodes at the catheter tip will turn off abnormal electrical pathways of the heart with the energy of heat or cold.
- Drugs. Consumption of antiarrhythmic drugs regularly can prevent heart beats above normal speed. Doctors also may prescribe blood-thinning drug, for patients with tachycardia at high risk of developing a clot.
- Pacemaker. Patients can also install a small pacemaker implanted under the skin. This tool will emit electrical waves that help the heart beating normally.
- Implantable cardiac defibrillator, where the implant is placed on the chest and tasked with monitoring the heart rate and then transmit electrical waves to stimulate the heart rate back to normal. The doctor will recommend installation of this equipment if tachycardia threaten lives.
Surgery. Cardiac surgery may be needed to remove the abnormal electrical pathways.
There are several steps that can be taken to prevent heart exposed tachycardia namely:
- Stop smoking.
- Control the consumption of alcoholic beverages and caffeinated
- Maintain weight, cholesterol levels and blood pressure were normal.
- Always exercise and eat healthy foods.
- Avoid the use of drugs.
- Be careful in taking any medication-free, and make sure adapted to the user guide.
- Strive for the mind not to stress.
- Check with your health regularly and report any symptoms to your doctor.
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