The heart is one of the most important organs in the body. Organ-sized fist pumping and spreading serves oxygenated blood throughout the body.
Coronary heart disease is also known as ischemic heart disease and is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. About 35 percent of deaths in Indonesia are caused by heart disease. According to the World Heart Federation, the death rate from coronary heart disease in Southeast Asia reached 1.8 million cases in 2014.
Causes of Coronary Heart Disease
Someone experiencing coronary heart disease if blood flow to the heart is hampered by fat. Accumulation of fat in heart arteries is known as atherosclerosis and is a major cause of coronary heart disease.
In addition to reducing blood supply to the heart, atherosclerosis can also cause the formation of thrombosis, or blood clots. If this happens, blood flow to the heart is blocked completely, and a heart attack occurs. The triggering factors of atherosclerosis include high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
Types and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is divided into two types which are categorized based on the level of inhibition of blood flow, ie angina (wind seated) and heart attack.
Heart disease is left untreated will lead to deadly complications. When not receiving enough blood supply to too weak to pump blood, the heart's performance will decline. This condition is known as heart failure. These complications can occur suddenly or gradually.
Type Examination of Coronary Heart Disease
At initial diagnosis, the doctor will usually ask about symptoms, family medical history, as well as the pattern of your life. If you suspect you have heart disease, your doctor may advise you to undergo several tests to confirm the diagnosis. For example, blood tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), coronary angiography, CT scan and MRI scan.
Step Treatment For Coronary Heart Disease
If you have heart disease, you are strongly advised to change your lifestyle such as keeping your diet, regular exercise, take medication regularly and as directed, and stop smoking. Coronary heart disease can not be cured, but can be prevented from deteriorating. Doctors will recommend measures to deal with this disease surgery if needed. Interest in the treatment of heart disease is to control symptoms and decrease the risk of fatal attacks such as heart attacks.
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
There are some simple prevention steps to avoid heart disease, namely:
- Quit smoking.
- Adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as reducing high cholesterol foods and exercise regularly.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Reducing the consumption of liquor.
As a first step in the diagnosis, the doctor will usually ask about symptoms, lifestyle, family medical history, as well as checking your cholesterol levels. If the doctor suspects you have heart disease, there are some steps that you will live examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Examination Electrocardiogram (EKG)
The electrical activity of the heart muscle can be examined through an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, these tests alone are not enough to determine whether you have heart disease or not. Abnormal ECG results may indicate that the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen.
In addition to the sleeping position, EKG also performed when the patient's heart is triggered by running on a treadmill. The test is called the exercise stress test or treadmill test. Testing is necessary to detect the symptoms of angina.
An echocardiogram examination
Similar examination with ultrasound is used to look at the structure, thickness and movement of each heartbeat to form a detailed image of the heart. This test also checks the level of cardiac performance.
Examination of Cardiac Enzymes
This examination is done through a blood test. The existence of cardiac enzymes in the blood may indicate damage to the heart muscle.
Coronary angiography or Cardiac Catheterization
This check is performed by the application of a local anesthetic. Cardiac catheterization procedure include:
- Inserting a catheter through arteries to the heart through the leg or groin.
- Injecting ink into the heart arteries through a catheter.
CT and MRI scans
Both of these tests can also be performed to evaluate heart.
Symptoms of Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is divided into two types which are categorized by the degree of blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Angina
This condition is also known as the wind sits in Indonesia. Angina is chest pain arising due to reduced blood supply to the heart muscle due to narrowing of blood vessels. A person suffering from angina at higher risk for having a heart attack than those who do not suffer from angina.
This attack usually lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical activity or stress. Kind of pain also vary. Nothing was spread around the chest, heavy as crushed, or tightness. In addition to chest pain, a person can also feel shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, dizziness and restlessness when angina attack.
Angina can be grouped into two types, namely stable angina and unstable angina.
Stable angina is a type of angina attack that occurs when the heart is required to work harder, for example when doing strenuous activity. This attack can be treated with medication and rest. Stable angina attack is not life-threatening, but it should still watch.
Meanwhile, unstable angina is angina attack that strikes suddenly and for no apparent reason. These attacks can take place while the patient is relaxed or rest and can not always be treated with medication.
Unstable angina attacks requiring emergency medical treatment because it signifies that the patient experienced cardiac function decreased dramatically. If after the second dose of drug angina chest still hurt, immediately go to the nearest hospital.
Heart attack
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is inhibited completely. The main cause is the occurrence of blood clots or thrombosis. Medical treatment in minutes required for these attacks can permanently damage the heart muscle.
Some of the symptoms of a heart attack is severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, feel weak, dizzy, and panic. The chest pain may also spread to the neck to the jaw, to the left arm, and to the back.
But keep in mind that not all heart attack patients experience severe chest pain. Indications of a heart attack is not determined by the severity of chest pain, but from a combination of symptoms are felt.
Heart disease is left untreated will lead to deadly complications. When not receive blood supply until too weak to pump blood, the heart's performance will decline. This condition is called heart failure. These complications can occur suddenly or gradually. With the heart failure condition, other organs such as the kidneys and lungs may also be affected.
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