Prostate Cancer Causes and Symptoms Diagnosis Examination

In the early stages, prostate cancer usually does not cause any symptoms. But when swelling affects the urethra or prostate cancer has begun to spread, the following are some of the symptoms that usually appear:

• More frequent urination, especially at night
• Feeling pain when urinating or take a long time
• There is blood in the urine or semen
• Urine reduced pressure
• Urine passes out while coughing or laughing
• Not able to pee standing up
• erectile dysfunction

Prostate men generally will increase in size with age. The symptoms above should be aware, though not necessarily mean you have cancer of the prostate. Here are the symptoms of prostate cancer when it entered the stage more severe:

• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Bone pain, especially lower back, thighs and hips
• Nausea and vomiting
• Constipation
• Pain or stiffness in the pelvis, lower back, upper thighs, or on the surrounding bone
• Weakness or paralysis of the lower body

Cause of Prostate Cancer
The cause of prostate cancer is certainly up to now is still unknown. But prostate cancer affects mainly older men. About eight out of ten cases suffered by men aged over 65 years.

In addition to age, the following are some factors that can increase the risk of prostate cancer:

• Family health history. If there is a family of men who have prostate cancer or women who have breast cancer, your risk for developing prostate cancer increases.
• Food. Eating foods that contain high calcium too often can also increase the risk of prostate cancer.
• Obesity. Overweight increases the risk of a man developing prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
There are several tests and examinations that must be followed to diagnose prostate cancer. Here are some of the tests and examinations that can be undertaken to diagnose prostate cancer:

Digital rectal examination
In this procedure, the doctor will insert a finger that has been wrapped gloves and smeared grease into the rectum to check the prostate gland that its position next to the rectum. If the doctor finds abnormalities in the texture, shape, and size of your prostate gland, you may require more advanced tests.

The PSA test (prostate-specific antigen or prostate specific antigen)

The prostate gland produces a protein called PSA. PSA levels in the blood of all men quite a bit, but the PSA levels will increase as you get older man.

PSA blood test serves to measure the levels of PSA in the blood. The PSA test is not specific for the detection of prostate cancer due to other conditions such as inflammation of the prostate also cause increased PSA in the blood. In addition, some patients with prostate cancer who did not have elevated levels of PSA. Only about 45% of prostate cancer patients have high PSA kada.

Biopsy
The biopsy procedure is sampling prostate tissue for further investigation if there are cancer cells. This is the step most reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer.

In addition to the above three procedures, a series of procedures CT-scan, MRI and bone examination also may be advisable to check if there is the spread of cancer cells to other body parts.

Stages of Prostate Cancer
 
To determine how the appropriate response to prostate cancer, the doctor needs to know at what stage of cancer. Thus, proper treatment can be given. Here are the stages of prostate cancer:

• Stage I. At this stage, the cancer is still very small and has not spread beyond the prostate gland.
• Stage II. At this stage, the cancer is larger and has not spread beyond the prostate gland.
• Stage III. The cancer has spread outside of the prostate gland but is still in the tissue surrounding the urethra, for example.
• Stage IV. Cancer has spread further afield, for example to the bladder, rectum, or bone.

Determining the stage of prostate cancer is very important because it relates to the selection of appropriate treatment to deal with the cancer suffered.

Prostate Cancer Screening

The level of PSA to ensure diagnosis of prostate cancer is still being debated and also controversy. PSA levels in the blood can increase due to various causes either cancer or noncancerous causes such as inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland.

When a person's PSA level is high, he will need to go through the prostate gland biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This means it's possible that the biopsy is generally painful and uncomfortable, and the result was not prostate cancer.

In addition, the detection of cancer through PSA levels also controversial because there are some cases of prostate cancer because they are in a very early stage with minimal progress, make sufferers do not need treatment. Treatment of prostate cancer is considered more risky in these cases than if it is left for postensi side effects of treatment such enormous loss of control of urination.

According to the study, there was a decline of 20 percent in mortality from prostate cancer is doing early inspection. But only one person who could have been saved more than 48 people receiving treatment for prostate cancer. Therefore, advocacy to examine prostate cancer is still being debated.

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