Understanding Bladder Cancer and Treatment

Bladder cancer is the growth of abnormal tissue or tumors in the bladder wall that are malignant. Organ function bladder itself is accommodating urine before it is piped out of the body during urination.Patients with bladder cancer are generally older people. Once addressed, the patient should follow the advanced testing for bladder cancer have a big enough risk for recurrence.

In addition to the bladder wall, bladder cancer may also spread to the muscles around the bladder. Immediately consult a doctor if there is blood in the urine, although it did not hurt.

Symptoms of Bladder Cancer
A symptom is something that is felt and told by the patient. Symptoms that are commonly experienced by people with bladder cancer is blood in the urine is usually not accompanied by pain.

Some of the symptoms of bladder cancer are:

• Frequent urge to urinate suddenly.
• Frequency of urination more frequent, but the amount of urine that is issued only slightly.
• Frequent urinary tract infections.
• Burning or stinging sensation during urination.
• Pain in the back.

If the bladder cancer has reached an advanced stage and began to spread, some of the perceived symptoms the patient is:

• Swelling of the legs.
• Anemia.
• Pain in the pelvic or rectal area.
• Weight loss for no apparent reason.
• Pain in the bones.
• Causes and Risk Factors Bladder Cancer
• The emergence of bladder cancer are caused by changes in the cells in the bladder. However, the exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown at this time. However, bladder cancer is often associated with smoking, parasitic infections, exposure to chemicals, and radiation.

Some of the things that also increase a person's risk of bladder cancer are:

• Age. The risk of bladder cancer increases as you get older.
• Men, more at risk of developing bladder cancer than women.
• The white race. The whites had a higher risk of bladder cancer than other human races.
• Had undergone cancer treatment.
• Are taking certain diabetes medication.
• Chronic bladder inflammation.
• Heredity.

Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer

Diagnosis is a step the doctor to identify the disease or condition that explains the symptoms and signs experienced by the patient. Tests are normally conducted by physicians to diagnose bladder cancer are:

• Cystoscopy. The procedure in which a tiny camera mounted on a smooth hose with light, used to examine your bladder.
• Imaging tests. The doctor will take a detailed picture of the bladder with a CT scan, intravenous urogram, or MRI.
• Biopsy. The doctor will take a tissue sample to be tested. The sampling procedure is commonly known by the acronym TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor).

Urine cytology. Patient urine samples will be examined whether it contains cancer cells.
If positive patients suffering from bladder cancer, the doctor will advise the patient to undergo further examination to determine the severity of the cancer. There are several levels of severity of bladder cancer are:

• Stage 1: Cancer is located on the inner walls of the bladder and has not spread to other parts.
• Stage 2: The cancer has penetrated all layers of the bladder wall, but still localized and just about any bladder.
• Stage 3: Cancer cells have spread through the bladder wall into the surrounding tissue.
• Stage 4: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes and other organs such as the bones, liver, or lungs.

Treatment of Bladder Cancer

How to handle bladder cancer usually depends on the severity of the cancer patient pathway. Bladder cancer is divided into two, the early stages of bladder cancer and bladder cancer that has spread.

Some remedies for bladder cancer in early stages, are:

• Removal of the tumor. Usually the method TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor) used by doctors to remove the cancer is in the inner wall of the bladder.
• Partial cystectomy, the surgery to remove the tumor and a small portion of the bladder that contains cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy, is a biologic therapy that works by making the immune system of the patient to fight the development of cancer cells.

While the treatment of bladder cancer that has spread to the innermost layer of the bladder wall (advanced stage) is surgery to remove the entire bladder (radical sistektomi) and manufacture of new urinary tracts.

In addition to surgery, the second stage of bladder cancer above also dealt with the following two methods:

• Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Usually the doctor will use a combination of two drugs in chemotherapy. Can be done before and after surgery.
• Radiation therapy, uses high-energy rays are directed to the cancer to destroy the cancer cells. Usually done to eradicate residual cancer cells remaining after surgery.

Both methods can be combined, if surgery can not be done. However, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have side effects on the patient's body, namely:

• Chemotherapy: Weakening of the immune system, cough, fever, rashes, nausea and vomiting, hair loss, loss of appetite, and fatigue.
• Radiation therapy: diarrhea, swelling of the bladder, vagina narrows, erectile dysfunction, pubic hair loss, infertility or infertility, fatigue, and difficulty urinating.

Complications Bladder Cancer

There are several complications that can be suffered by people with bladder cancer after undergoing treatment measures:

• Urine diversion. If the bladder is removed the patient, the doctor will perform urinary diversion procedures. Some types of diversion of urine is urostomi (making holes in the abdominal wall for the discharge of urine to a bag of urine external), diversion of urine continent (manufacture bags of urine in the body using a small portion of the intestinal wall and a hole with a valve in the abdominal wall), reconstruction of the bladder (making bladder clone (neobladder) using the intestinal wall and train sufferers to urinate). On the reconstruction of the bladder, the patient does not receive stimulus for the voiding of the neobladder when filled with urine. Then the abdominal muscles and pelvic need to be trained to push urine out.
• Erectile dysfunction. Measures removal of the entire bladder can cause the patient difficulty making or maintaining an erection.
• Narrowing of the vagina. Radiation therapy and removal of the bladder can also make vaginal narrowing and silting.
• Depression. Living with bladder cancer can make the sufferer ketidaksatabilan emotions. Depression is currently diagnosed, pleased when the cancer is removed, and returned depression when feeling the effects of the treatment. Contact your doctor immediately if sadness and despair prolonged, and can no longer enjoy the things that usually pleasant.

Bladder Cancer Prevention

There are some precautions to avoid bladder cancer, namely:

• Diet. Fruit and vegetable intake is high, and the reduction of fatty foods can supposedly help prevent bladder cancer.
• Increase consumption of mineral water. In theory, the toxic substances that accumulate in the bladder can be diluted and removed more quickly by increasing the consumption of mineral water.
• Be careful with chemicals. Reduce the risk of exposure to multiple chemicals by using protective. Especially those who work in the factory and is directly in contact with the rubber-making materials, textiles, plastics, coloring, and diesel fumes.
• Quitting smoking will reduce exposure to cancer-causing chemicals into the body.

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