There are several factors that a doctor be considered before deciding on the best treatment, the stage and level of cancer progression, overall health condition of the patient and menopause.Breast cancers detected through routine examination usually is at an early stage. Primary breast cancer (cancer cells originated from the first breast cells and not the result of the spread of cancer cells from other organs) generally can be cured completely if diagnosed and treated early.
While the cancer is detected due to physical symptoms that appear might already be on stage more. If detected at an advanced stage and having spread to other parts of the body, the breast cancer can not be cured. The type of treatment that will be recommended were different and the aim to ease the burden for the sufferer.
Type the first breast cancer treatment is usually surgery. Type of operation varies depending on the type of breast cancer that you suffered. The process of surgery is usually followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or biologic treatments for some specific cases. Chemotherapy or hormone therapy can sometimes also be the first treatment step.
If detected at an advanced stage after spread to other parts of the body, breast cancer can not be cured. The type of treatment that will be recommended were different and the aim to ease the burden for the sufferer.
Processes Operations
Surgery for breast cancer is divided into two, namely the operation which only the tumor and a breast lift operation as a whole (mastectomy). Reconstructive plastic surgery can usually be performed immediately after a mastectomy.
To deal with early stage breast cancer, the study showed that the combination of surgical removal of the tumor and radiotherapy have the same level of success with a total mastectomy.
Lumpectomy (surgical removal of the tumor)
In a lumpectomy, breast forms will be allowed to complete as possible. This surgery is generally recommended for small tumors and involves removal of the tumor along with a bit of the surrounding healthy tissue. Consideration in determining the amount of breast tissue to be removed include the quantity of the tissues around the tumor needs to be removed, the type, size, location of the tumor, and breast size.
Mastectomy (breast removal)
The process of this operation is the removal of all breast tissue, including the nipple. Patients can undergo mastectomy stains in conjunction with sentinel lymph biopsy if there is no indication of cancer spread to the lymph nodes. Instead, patients are encouraged to undergo the process of removal of lymph nodes in the armpit if the cancer has spread to parts of it.
Reconstructive plastic surgery
It is a process operation to create a new breast as closely as possible with the other breast. Reconstructive plastic surgery can be done in two ways, namely direct reconstruction surgery simultaneously with mastectomy and reconstructive surgery periodically conducted some time after mastectomy. This new breast making operations can be done using breast implants or tissue from other body parts.
Step Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy generally two types, namely chemotherapy after surgery to destroy cancer cells prior to surgery useful and shrink the tumor. Types and combinations of anticancer drugs used will be determined by the physician based on the type of cancer and degree of dissemination.
The side effects of chemotherapy is generally not affect healthy cells. Therefore, prevention or control of most of the side effects will be dealt with other drugs by doctors. Some side effects of chemotherapy include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, mouth sores or sore sensation in the mouth, are prone to infections, fatigue, and hair loss.
Chemotherapy can also inhibit the body's production of the hormone estrogen. Patients who have not experienced menopause will menstruate stalled during chemotherapy. This cycle should be back after the treatment is completed. However, early menopause is also likely to occur in women over the age of 40 years because they are approaching the average age of menopause.
If other body parts have been hit by the spread of breast cancer, chemotherapy can not cure cancer. But chemotherapy can shrink tumors, relieve symptoms and prolong life.
Step Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is a treatment process to destroy the remnants of the cancer cells with radiation dose control. This process is usually given about a month after surgery and chemotherapy to condition the body can be recovered first. But not all breast cancer patients need.
Just like chemotherapy, this procedure also has the side effect, namely irritation so that the breast skin sore, red and watery, the color of the breast skin becomes darker, excessive fatigue and lymphedema (excess fluid that appeared on the arm due to blockage of the lymph nodes in the armpit).
Hormone Therapy For Breast Cancer Coping
Especially for breast cancer whose growth is triggered natural estrogen or progesterone (hormone-receptor positive cancers), hormone therapy is used to lower levels of cancer or inhibit the effects of the hormone. This step is also sometimes done before surgery to shrink the tumor to be easily removed, but generally applied after surgery and chemotherapy.
If the condition is not healthy, the patient will not be able to undergo surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Therefore, hormone therapy may be an alternative as a single treatment process.
The duration of hormone therapy are commonly recommended is a maximum of five years after surgery. This type of therapy that will be undertaken depending on the age, whether you are menopausal or not, the level of development of cancer, types of hormones that trigger cancer, and other types of treatment undertaken.
Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are two types of drugs that are usually used in hormone therapy. Tamoxifen works to inhibit estrogen that is not committed themselves to the cancer cells.
While the enzyme aromatase inhibitor is recommended for patients who have undergone menopause. Its function is to hinder the performance of aromatase, which are substances that help the production of estrogen in the body after menopause. Examples of these drugs are available in tablet form and is taken daily letrozole, eksemestan, and anastrozole.
Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors can cause some side effects that are similar, such as headache, nausea, vomiting and a sensation of heat, sweating, and palpitations (hot flushes). However, tamoxifen has a special side effect, which can cause changes in the menstrual cycle in patients with breast cancer.
Step Ovarian Ablation or Suppression
Ovarian ablation or suppression would stop the performance of the ovaries to produce estrogen.
Ablation itself could do with surgery or radiotherapy. Ovarian ablation performance of the ovaries will stop permanently and trigger early menopause.
Ovarian suppression using agonists luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (aLHRH) called goserelin. The use of this drug will stop menstruating for a while. Menstruation will return to normal after the adoption process is completed. For patients aged approaching menopause or about 45 years, they may stop menstruating permanently despite the use of goserelin has been completed.
Goserelin injections given once a month. The side effects of these drugs resemble the menopause such as emotional feelings, difficulty sleeping, and a sensation of heat accompanied by heart palpitations.
Biological Therapy With Trastuzumab
The growth of most types of breast cancer that is triggered by the protein HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is called HER2 positive. In addition to stopping the effects of HER2, biological therapy also helps the immune system to fight cancer cells. If you are a high level of HER2 protein and you are capable of undergoing biologic therapy, trastuzumab may be recommended by doctors for you after chemotherapy.
Antibody function destroy harmful cells such as viruses and bacteria. This protein is produced naturally by the immune system. Trastuzumab is a type of biological therapy known as a monoclonal antibody. This drug will inhibit HER2 so that the cancer cells will die.
This therapy is not suitable for patients with heart disease such as angina, hypertension, or heart valve disease. If it is required to use trastuzumab, patients must undergo regular cardiac examinations. Other side effects of trastuzumab are nausea, headache, diarrhea, shortness of breath, chills, fever, and pain.
Causes of Breast Cancer
The cause of breast cancer is not known with certainty. It is difficult to ensure that every patient has the same cause or not. But there are some factors that can affect the level of risk of breast cancer, among others:
Impact of the Previous Breast Cancer Diagnosis
If you've had breast cancer or changes in the nature of non-invasive cancer cells are contained within the breast duct cells become invasive cancer, you can re-cancer in the same breast or the other breast.
Benign lumps influence Ever Held
Having a benign lump that does not mean you have breast cancer, but certain lump might increase your risk. Small changes in your breast tissue, such as cell growth that is unusual in duct or lobule, may increase your risk for breast cancer.
Influence of Genetics and Family Health History
If you have a nuclear family (eg, mother, brother, sister or child) who develop breast or ovarian cancer, your risk for developing breast cancer increases. But breast cancer may also appear more than once in one family by chance.
Generally breast cancer cases are not due to hereditary factors (heredity), but the specific gene mutation known as BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. This type of cancer may also be derived from parents to children.
Age factor
As people age, the risk of cancer also increases. Breast cancer usually occurs in women aged over 50 years who had experienced menopause. About 80 percent of breast cancer cases occur in women over the age of 50 years.
Risk of Radiation Exposure
Your risk for breast cancer may also increase if frequently exposed to radiation or as a result of certain medical procedures using radiation such as X-rays and CT scans.
Risk Exposure to Estrogen
Risk of breast cancer will be slightly increased as a result of exposure to estrogen levels in the body. Example:
- If you do not have children or gave birth in old age. This will increase the risk of breast cancer due to exposure to estrogen is not hindered by the process of pregnancy.
- If you are having a menstrual period is longer (for example, began menstruating before age 12 or went through menopause after age 55 years).
Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy
Combination hormone replacement therapy have a slightly higher risk than estrogen hormone replacement therapy. But both can still payudara.Di heightens the risk of cancer among 1,000 women who underwent hormone therapy combination for 10 years, it is estimated there will be 19 more cases of breast cancer than women who never received hormone therapy. This risk will also increase as the duration of therapy, but will return to normal after you stop living it.
Effect of Overweight Or Obese
Being overweight after menopause can lead to increased production of estrogen, so the risk of breast cancer increases.
Consumption of Liquor
A study was conducted on 200 women consuming liquor and 200 women not consuming liquor. The results suggest that consuming liquor group members could develop cancer as many as three more. Risk of breast cancer will increase as the large number of liquor consumed.
Breast Cancer Prevention
Prevention in total for breast cancer difficult to know because the cause of cancer is not known with certainty. But there are some steps you can take to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
The main step is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. For example, reducing the consumption of fatty foods, maintaining a healthy weight and ideal, regular exercise, and limiting alcohol consumption. These methods not only can reduce the risk of breast cancer, but also prevent many other diseases.
In addition to lifestyle, the study also showed that women who breastfeed have a lower risk for breast cancer. This may occur because ovulation they become routine during breastfeeding so that estrogen levels remain stable.
Facing the Breast Cancer Clinical
There are some treatments for decreasing the risk for women with breast cancer risk is higher than average. Two main types of treatment are described in more detail below.
Treatment with drugs
Two types of medications are available to women at high risk of developing breast cancer is tamoxifen and raloxifene. Women who had experienced menopause can use both of these drugs, while premenopausal women is only recommended for use tamoxifen. If you had or have a risk of blood clots or uterine cancer, both these drugs may be unsuitable.
For those of you who want to have children, your doctor may recommend to stop taking tamoxifen at least two months before trying to conceive because this drug will affect fetal development. Tamoxifen may also increase the risk of blood clots, so you should stop taking the six weeks prior to surgery.
Mastectomy
In addition to dealing with breast cancer, a mastectomy is also used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women at high risk due to the history of descent. This operation can reduce breast cancer risk by 90%, but remains at risk of complications.
Removal of the breast also may reduce the confidence of patients significantly. In addition to plastic surgery, breast reconstruction after mastectomy performed simultaneously or, you also have other alternatives, namely fake breasts that can be used in the bra.
0 Response to "Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment"
Post a Comment